In many Islamic talks we frequently heard this term used by many Islamic scholar to describe what is allowed and what is not allowed in Islamic Religion. Well, In this page we will know more about Fiqh and Why it is so important to all Muslim all around the world.
To give you all the most of reading and understanding, I will here list two page ( wikipedia and Islamic Dictionary ) describing about Islamic Fiqh where you can learn and undertand more about it while in this page I will note some of the most important lines :
Fiqh (Arabic: فقه [fiqh]) is Islamic jurisprudence. Fiqh is an expansion of the code of conduct (Sharia) expounded in the Quran, often supplemented by tradition (Sunnah) and implemented by the rulings and interpretations of Islamic jurists.
Fiqh deals with the observance of rituals, morals and social legislation in Islam. There are four prominent schools (madh'hab) of fiqh within Sunni practice and two within Shi'a practice. A person trained in fiqh is known as a Faqih (plural Fuqaha).
The historian Ibn Khaldun describes fiqh as "knowledge of the rules of God which concern the actions of persons who own themselves bound to obey the law respecting what is required (wajib), sinful (haraam), recommended (mandūb), disapproved (makrūh) or neutral (mubah)". This definition is consistent amongst the jurists.
Anything or action in Islam falls within the following five categories of Fiqh:
1. Fardh (Wajib): This category is a must for the Muslim to do such as the five daily prayers. Doing the Fardh counts as a good deed, and not doing it is considered a bad deed or a sin.
It is also called Wajib except for Imam Abu Hanifah who makes Wajib a separate category between the Fardh and the Mubah.
2. Mustahab/Mandub: This category is recommended for the Muslim to do such as extra prayers after Zuhr and Maghrib. Doing the Mandub counts as a good deed and not doing it does not count as a bad deed or a sin.
3. Mubah (Allowed): This category is left undecided and left for the person, such as eating apples or oranges. Doing or not doing the Mubah does not count as a good or bad deed.
Intention of the person can change Mubah to Fard, Mandub, Makruh, or Haram.
Other things could also change the status of the Mubah. For example, any Mubah becomes Haram if it is proven harmful, and any necessary thing to fulfill a Fardh is a Fardh too.
4. Makruh (Hated): This category is a detested and hated such as growing very long fingernails or sleeping on the stomach. Not doing the Makruh counts as a good deed and doing it does not count as a bad deed.
5. Haram (Prohibited): This category is prohibited for the Muslim to do such as stealing and lying. Doing the haram counts as a bad deed and not doing it counts as a good deed.
About madhhabs (schools of Islamic law/thought/Fiqh)
In The following videos we will watch Dr. Bilal Philips speaks about madhhabs (schools of Islamic law/thought), their history and evolution. Differences of opinion amongst the madhhabs.
Fiqh/Jurisprudence 1/5 - Bilal Philips
Fiqh/Jurisprudence 2/5 - Bilal Philips
Fiqh/Jurisprudence 3/5 - Bilal Philips
Fiqh/Jurisprudence 24/5 - Bilal Philips
Fiqh/Jurisprudence 5/5 - Bilal Philips
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